Can Nurturing the Young Be the Key to Tackling Chronic Diseases in the Old? A Narrative Review With a Global Perspective

Article Figures & Data

Table 1. Progress on Child Health and Education According to the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) Targets¹¹

Table 2. Areas of Child Well-Being Incorporated Into the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)¹⁶

Well-Being Area	Child-Related SDG Indicators	Related SDG
Survive and thrive	Under 5-year-old mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality	SDG 3
	Births attended by skilled personnel, adolescent birth rate
	New HIV infections, malaria incidence
	Vaccinations (MCV1, DPT3)
	Access to essential health services
	Stunting (chronic undernutrition), wasting (acute undernutrition), and overweight	SDG 2
Learn	Children under 5 years developmentally on track	SDG 4
	Organized learning 1 year before primary school
	Reading and mathematics proficiency in lower secondary school
	Proportion of schools with access to WASH
Protection against violence, exploitation, and harmful practices	Violence against girls, child marriage, female genital mutilation/cutting	SDG 5
	Child labor	SDG 8
	Intentional homicide, conflict-related deaths, violence from caregivers, sexual violence on girls and boys under 18 years, birth registration	SDG 16
Safe, clean environment	Basic drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene services	SDG 1
	Mortality rate from household/ambient air pollution	SDG 3
	Safely managed drinking water and sanitation services, handwashing facilities, open defecation	SDG 6
	Use of clean fuels	SDG 7
	Deaths from natural disasters	SDG 13
Fair chance in life	Extreme poverty, below national poverty line, multidimensional poverty, social protection floors/system	SDG 1

DTP3, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis vaccine full series; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; MCV1, measles-containing vaccine first dose; WASH, water, sanitation, and hygiene.