PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Julian Yaxley AU - Kevin Twomey TI - Peritoneal Dialysis Complicated by Pleuroperitoneal Communication and Hydrothorax DP - 2017 Mar 20 TA - Ochsner Journal PG - 124--127 VI - 17 IP - 1 4099 - http://www.ochsnerjournal.org/content/17/1/124.short 4100 - http://www.ochsnerjournal.org/content/17/1/124.full SO - Ochsner J2017 Mar 20; 17 AB - Background: Hydrothorax is an uncommon but well-recognized complication of peritoneal dialysis. It is a potentially serious condition that frequently requires cessation of peritoneal dialysis and permanent transition to hemodialysis. Hydrothorax is produced by movement of peritoneal dialysate through pleuroperitoneal fistulas. Pleural fluid analysis typically detects a high glucose concentration, and contrast imaging reveals tracer uptake transgressing the diaphragm. Experience with the treatment of hydrothorax related to peritoneal dialysis is limited.Case Report: We describe the case of a 54-year-old female on peritoneal dialysis for end-stage renal failure who developed a hydrothorax soon after beginning treatment.Conclusion: This case describes a classical presentation of hydrothorax in the context of peritoneal dialysis. Treatment is frequently unsuccessful. All clinicians prescribing peritoneal dialysis should be aware of this complication.