Association Between Cognitive Dysfunction and Sociodemographic Characteristics of the Study Participants
| Cognitive | Cognitive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Patients | Dysfunction | Dysfunction | ||
| (n=194), | Present (n=98), | Absent (n=96), | ||
| Variable | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | P Value |
| Age, years | ||||
| <45 | 10 (5.2) | 5 (5.1) | 5 (5.2) | 0.009 |
| 45-54 | 22 (11.3) | 4 (4.1) | 18 (18.8) | |
| 55-64 | 53 (27.3) | 26 (26.5) | 27 (28.1) | |
| ≥65 | 109 (56.2) | 63 (64.3) | 46 (47.9) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 104 (53.6) | 62 (63.3) | 42 (43.8) | 0.006 |
| Male | 90 (46.4) | 36 (36.7) | 54 (56.2) | |
| Religion | ||||
| Hindu | 126 (64.9) | 62 (63.3) | 64 (66.7) | 0.656 |
| Christian | 31 (16.0) | 18 (18.4) | 13 (13.5) | |
| Muslim | 37 (19.1) | 18 (18.4) | 19 (19.8) | |
| Educationa | ||||
| Illiterate | 16 (8.2) | 15 (15.3) | 1 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| Grade 1-4 | 34 (17.5) | 21 (21.4) | 13 (13.5) | |
| Grade 5-12 | 112 (57.7) | 55 (56.1) | 57 (59.4) | |
| Graduate | 32 (16.4) | 7 (7.1) | 25 (26.0) | |
| Occupation | ||||
| Homemaker | 95 (49.0) | 59 (60.2) | 36 (37.5) | 0.003 |
| Retired | 66 (34.0) | 29 (29.6) | 37 (38.5) | |
| Skilled | 33 (17.0) | 10 (10.2) | 23 (24.0) | |
| Socioeconomic status | ||||
| Low | 34 (17.5) | 25 (25.5) | 9 (9.4) | 0.008 |
| Middle | 159 (82.0) | 73 (74.5) | 86 (89.6) | |
| High | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.0) |
aIn the US education system, grades 1 to 5 are elementary (primary) school, grades 6 to 8 are junior high or middle school, and grades 9 to 12 are high school. In the Indian education system, grades 1 to 4 are primary, grades 5 to 7 are middle school, and grades 8 to 10 are high school. After high school, students study for 2 years (grades 11 and 12) in pre-university college. On completion of grade 12, they are eligible to enroll in a college to obtain their bachelor's degree. After 3 years of study, they are called graduates with an undergraduate/bachelor's degree.