Abstract
Placental protein 13 (PP13) is a galectin expressed by the syncytiotrophoblast. Women who subsequently develop preterm pre-eclampsia have low first trimester maternal serum PP13 concentrations. This study revealed that third trimester maternal serum PP13 concentration increased with gestational age in normal pregnancies (p < 0.0001), and it was significantly higher in women presenting with preterm pre-eclampsia (p = 0.02) and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome (p = 0.01) than in preterm controls. Conversely, placental PP13 mRNA (p = 0.03) and protein, as well as cytoplasmic PP13 staining of the syncytiotrophoblast (p < 0.05) was decreased in these pathological pregnancies compared to controls. No differences in placental expression and serum concentrations of PP13 were found at term between patients with pre-eclampsia and control women. In contrast, the immunoreactivity of the syncytiotrophoblast microvillous membrane was stronger in both term and preterm pre-eclampsia and HELLP syndrome than in controls. Moreover, large syncytial cytoplasm protrusions, membrane blebs and shed microparticles strongly stained for PP13 in pre-eclampsia and HELLP syndrome. In conclusion, parallel to its decreased placental expression, an augmented membrane shedding of PP13 contributes to the increased third trimester maternal serum PP13 concentrations in women with preterm pre-eclampsia and HELLP syndrome.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Dr. Zsolt Csapo and Dr. Katalin Hertelendy for their support in the Histopathological and Chemistry Laboratories; to Dr. Timea Kovats, Dr. Julia Dienes, Dr. Maria Lengyel, Katalin Karaszi, Krisztina Mekli, and Istvan Szabo for their helpful technical assistance; to Julia Olah, Katalin Lang, Katalin Raum, and all the colleagues in the laboratories, operating theatres and Labor and Delivery Unit of the First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology for their help with the specimens. The authors thank Dr. Offer Erez, Dr. Chong Jai Kim, Dr. Derek Wildman, and Sara Tipton for their critical reading of the manuscript and valuable advices.
The Fluorchem SP CCD imaging system was a generous donation of the Hungarian Terry Fox Foundation to the First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. N.G.T. is grateful to the Hungarian Academy of Sciences for the János Bolyai Scholarship.
Funding
This research was funded by the Hungarian Országos Tudományos Kutatási Alapprogramok (T/046473 to N.G.T.) and by grants from the European Union (FP6, “Pregenesys - 037244” to H.M. and N.G.T.) and the Israel Chief Scientist (31851, 37324, 14128 to H.M.).
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Than, N.G., Abdul Rahman, O., Magenheim, R. et al. Placental protein 13 (galectin-13) has decreased placental expression but increased shedding and maternal serum concentrations in patients presenting with preterm pre-eclampsia and HELLP syndrome. Virchows Arch 453, 387–400 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-008-0658-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-008-0658-x