Rapid ReviewEndothelial inflammation in insulin resistance
Section snippets
Epidemiological studies
Population studies show strong correlation between proinflammatory biomarkers (such as CRP, interleukin 6, and tumour necrosis factor α) and perturbations in glucose homoeostasis, obesity, and atherosclerosis.10, 11, 12, 13 CRP levels might be independently related to the degree of insulin resistance, independently of obesity.14, 15 Plasma levels of high-sensitive CRP predict future cardiovascular risk, even in apparently healthy individuals.12 In a post-hoc analysis of the predictive value of
Interventions and mechanisms
CAPPP was the first controlled study to show that captopril, an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, decreased the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in hypertensive patients.19 The study was designed to compare the effect of captopril with conventional antihypertensive treatment on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. There were 11% fewer patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes in the captopril group than in those on conventional treatment.
These results were confirmed in HOPE, in which
Clinical perspectives
That subclinical chronic inflammation might be an important pathogenetic factor in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes opens new perspectives for diagnosis and treatment of early insulin resistance and incipient glucose intolerance. More specific and sensitive biomarkers should be identified, to predict early disturbances in insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk. Inflammatory signalling pathways need to be explored in greater detail, as possible drug targets.
We have
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