Original ArticlesRacial and Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection
Section snippets
Methods
From March 2007 to March 2012, infants born at 7 US medical centers were enrolled in the CMV and Hearing Multicenter Screening (CHIMES) Study.12 Saliva specimens were collected from the newborn and additional dried blood spots were obtained at the time of newborn metabolic screening and tested for CMV, as previously described.13, 14, 15 Infants with positive saliva or dried blood spots screening specimens were enrolled in the follow-up component of the study within the first 3 to 6 weeks of
Results
Of the 108 925 mothers approached for participation in the CHIMES Study, 100 607 mothers consented and 8318 (7.6%) mothers declined to participate in the study. Adequate enrollment specimens were available for 100 332 of the infants and 497 infants screened positive for CMV. In 391 infants, cCMV was confirmed by a follow-up positive saliva or urine sample using the rapid culture or PCR methods.16 Thirty-five infants were considered uninfected because the follow-up saliva and urine samples were
Discussion
Significant racial and ethnic differences exist in the prevalence of cCMV, although once infected, the clinical manifestations and rates of hearing loss in infants are similar with respect to race and ethnicity. The overall cCMV rate of 4.5 per 1000 live births found in our cohort of more than 100 000 infants is lower than previous reported prevalence rates of 6.4 per 1000 live births and 7 per 1000 live births from 2 meta-analysis studies.2, 3 Most of the data on cCMV prevalence from these
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Supported by the National Institute on Deafness. Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) provided grant support for the CHIMES Study (N01 DC50008, HHS-N-263-2012-00010-C). The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Portions of this study were presented at the 12th International CMV/BetaHerpesvirus Workshop, May 10-14, 2009, Boston, Massachusetts; the 3rd International Congenital Cytomegalovirus Conference, September 23-25, 2010, Paris, France; the 4th Congenital CMV Conference/14th International CMV/BetaHerpesvirus Workshop, October 29-November 2, 2012, San Francisco, California; and the Pediatric Academic Societies and the Asian Society for Pediatric Research (PAS/ASPR) Joint Meeting, May 3-6, 2014, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada.