Original CommunicationsIncreased surgical stress promotes tumor metastasis*,**,★
Section snippets
Animals
Six-week-old specific-pathogen-free female BALB/c mice were purchased from Japan SLC, Hamamatsu, Japan. The mice were maintained in the Laboratory for Animal Experiments, Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, in laminar air-flow conditions with a 12-hour light/dark cycle at a temperature of 22°C to 25°C. All animals had free access to standard laboratory mouse food and water. This study was conducted in accordance with the standards outlined in the
Experiment 1: effect of the increase of surgical manipulation on surgical stress-induced enhancement of cancer metastasis
We first examined whether surgical stress is enhanced by the increase of surgical manipulation with the experimental lung metastasis model. We measured the concentration of serum interleukin-6 3 hours after the procedure to assess the degree of surgical stress in each group. As shown in Fig 1, the interleukin-6 concentration in serum increased in proportion to the degree of surgical manipulation.
Discussion
Surgery is generally considered to be the most effective treatment for cancer. However, surgeons often observe rapid growth and spread of residual cancer shortly after the operation and surgical stress-induced worsening of the prognosis. Factors such as excessive bleeding, lengthening of the operation time, and an increase of surgical manipulation would clearly induce surgical stress. Excessive surgical stress caused by thoracotomy or laparotomy (even for 20 or 30 minutes) has previously been
Acknowledgements
We thank Ms Kazuko Hayashi for technical assistance.
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Cited by (0)
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Supported by ONO Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Osaka, Japan.
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Reprint requests: Yasunori Tsuchiya, Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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0039-6060/2003/$30.00 + 0