Cardiopulmonary Bypass Video Is an Effective Learning Tool

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Figure 1.
Screen captures from the video “Cardiopulmonary Bypass – An Introduction by Patrick Parrino, MD, FACS.” Access the video at https://youtu.be/_BFoLOUXYcE. Warning: The video contains graphic content depicting surgery for educational purposes and may not be suitable for all viewers.
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Figure 2.
Cardiopulmonary bypass video outline.
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Figure 3.
Cardiopulmonary bypass video pretest/posttest with correct answers in boldface. ICU, intensive care unit; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; OR, operating room; PACU, postanesthesia care unit.

Table 1.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass Procedures Video Pretest and Posttest Results (n=31)

	Percentage of Students Answering Correctly

Question	Pretest	Posttest	P value
1. What is the most sensitive method to confirm diagnosis of a valvular disease?	61.3	100	<0.001
2. What chemical solution is used to stop the heart rate?	32.3	90.3	<0.001
3. Who is responsible for contacting the ICU/PACU during and after the procedure in the OR?	29.0	80.6	<0.001
4. Place the following steps in the appropriate order for cardiopulmonary bypass.	6.5	41.9	<0.001
5. Where is the aortic root vent placed?	67.7	67.7	NS
6. A coronary sinus catheter is recommended in all cardiopulmonary bypass surgeries.	41.9	71.0	<0.001
7. Who operates the cardiopulmonary bypass machine in the OR?	64.5	96.8	<0.001
8. What is the purpose of adapting the diffusion tip for arterial cannulation?	16.1	90.3	<0.001
9. Where does the surgeon insert the venous cannula?	12.9	77.4	<0.001

Note: Chi-square test was used to compare the percent correct answers before and after viewing the video.
ICU, intensive care unit; NS, not significant; OR, operating room; PACU, postanesthesia care unit.

Table 2.

Attitudinal Questionnaire Results (n=31)

Question	Strongly Agree/Agree, %	Neutral, %	Strongly Disagree/Disagree, %	P value
I am confident in reciting the steps of the cardiopulmonary bypass procedure.	35.5	38.7	25.8	NS
I am confident that I can assist in a cardiopulmonary bypass procedure.	25.8	48.4	25.8	NS
I understand the roles of the perfusionist in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.	83.8	12.9	3.2	<0.001
I understand the roles of the circulator nurse in cardiopulmonary bypass.	93.6	6.5	0	<0.001
I am knowledgeable about how the cardiopulmonary machine functions.	80.7	9.7	9.7	<0.001
The video content is appropriate to medical students.	100	0	0	<0.001
This video was well prepared.	100	0	0	<0.001
This video will be useful to me during my surgical clerkship.	90.4	9.7	0	<0.001
I prefer watching the video over reading a written protocol.	90.3	6.5	3.2	<0.001

Notes: The 5-point Likert scale responses were collapsed into the 3 categories shown for ease of analysis. Chi-square test was used to compare the percent strongly agree/agree to strongly disagree/disagree.
NS, not significant.