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Review ArticleREVIEWS AND CONTEMPORARY UPDATES
Open Access

Brief History of Opioids in Perioperative and Periprocedural Medicine to Inform the Future

Philip G. Boysen, Jenilkumar H. Patel and Angelle N. King
Ochsner Journal March 2023, 23 (1) 43-49; DOI: https://doi.org/10.31486/toj.22.0065
Philip G. Boysen
1Emeritus Professor and Chair, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
MD, MBA, FACP, FCCP, FCCM
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  • For correspondence: phil.boysen@gmail.com
Jenilkumar H. Patel
2Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
MS, BS
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Angelle N. King
2Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
MS, BS
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Brief History of Opioids in Perioperative and Periprocedural Medicine to Inform the Future
Philip G. Boysen, Jenilkumar H. Patel, Angelle N. King
Ochsner Journal Mar 2023, 23 (1) 43-49; DOI: 10.31486/toj.22.0065

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Brief History of Opioids in Perioperative and Periprocedural Medicine to Inform the Future
Philip G. Boysen, Jenilkumar H. Patel, Angelle N. King
Ochsner Journal Mar 2023, 23 (1) 43-49; DOI: 10.31486/toj.22.0065
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • INTRODUCTION
    • OPIOIDS IN THE 19TH CENTURY
    • THE 20TH CENTURY AND BALANCED ANESTHESIA
    • WORLD WAR II AND OPIOID ANESTHESIA
    • THE STORY OF FENTANYL AND ITS CONGENERS
    • HIGH-DOSE OPIOID ANESTHESIA
    • THE FUTURE OF OPIOIDS IN ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT
    • THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF ADDICTION
    • CONCLUSION
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data
  • References
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Cited By...

  • At a Crossroads: Opioid Use Disorder, the X-Waiver, and the Road Ahead
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Keywords

  • Analgesics–non-narcotic
  • analgesics–opioid
  • opioid-related disorders
  • receptors–opioid

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