RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Sleep Physiology, Abnormal States, and Therapeutic Interventions JF Ochsner Journal JO Ochsner J FD O. P. Jindal Global University SP 122 OP 134 VO 12 IS 2 A1 Alvah T. Wickboldt A1 Alex F. Bowen A1 Aaron J. Kaye A1 Adam M. Kaye A1 Franklin Rivera Bueno A1 Alan D. Kaye YR 2012 UL http://www.ochsnerjournal.org/content/12/2/122.abstract AB Sleep is essential. Unfortunately, a significant portion of the population experiences altered sleep states that often result in a multitude of health-related issues. The regulation of sleep and sleep-wake cycles is an area of intense research, and many options for treatment are available. The following review summarizes the current understanding of normal and abnormal sleep-related conditions and the available treatment options. All clinicians managing patients must recommend appropriate therapeutic interventions for abnormal sleep states. Clinicians' solid understanding of sleep physiology, abnormal sleep states, and treatments will greatly benefit patients regardless of their disease process.