RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Basic Concepts in Opioid Prescribing and Current Concepts of Opioid-Mediated Effects on Driving
JF Ochsner Journal
JO Ochsner J
FD O. P. Jindal Global University
SP 525
OP 532
VO 13
IS 4
A1 Adam M. Kaye
A1 Alan D. Kaye
A1 Elise C. Lofton
YR 2013
UL http://www.ochsnerjournal.org/content/13/4/525.abstract
AB Background Many patients with chronic pain receive substandard analgesic therapy. Incomplete or inadequate care often stems from physician fears of patient addiction and/or drug toxicity. As a result, many chronic pain patients are undertreated and have unrelieved pain that tempts them to overuse or to abuse prescribed pharmacologic treatments. In the last few years, educational efforts have targeted physicians who treat chronic, nonmalignant pain with information to improve prescribing strategies and to appreciate side effects. Additionally, opioid prescribing guidelines and educational programs, including World Health Organization-published guidelines for the management of cancer pain in 1986 and the American Pain Society's promotion of pain as the 5th vital sign, have increased the propensity of pharmacists, physicians, and pain specialists to dispense pain treatments.Methods Controversial and evolving consequences from this explosion of prescription opioid use have emerged and are discussed in this review, including prescribing principles, opioid analgesic side effects, and driving concerns.Conclusion With additional appreciation for the untoward effects of chronic analgesia and a better understanding of opioid pharmacology, physicians can utilize pain management treatments in a safer and more effective manner.