<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><xml><records><record><source-app name="HighWire" version="7.x">Drupal-HighWire</source-app><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coote, Jeffrey D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nguyen, Theresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tholen, Kaitlyn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stewart, Caleb</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Verter, Elizabeth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McGee, John</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Celestre, Paul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarkar, Korak</style></author></authors><secondary-authors></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Three-Dimensional Printed Patient Models for Complex Pediatric Spinal Surgery</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ochsner Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019-03-20 00:00:00</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49-53</style></pages><doi><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.31486/toj.18.0117</style></doi><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><abstract><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Background: Pediatric spinal deformity surgeries are challenging operations that require considerable expertise and resources. The unique anatomy and rarity of these cases present challenges in surgical training and preparation. We present a case series illustrating how 3-dimensional (3-D) printed models were used in preoperative planning for 3 cases of pediatric spinal deformity surgery.Case Series: Patient 1 was a 6-year-old male with scoliosis secondary to an L3 hemivertebra and severe congenital heart disease who underwent excision of the L3 hemivertebra and L2-L4 spinal fusion. Patient 2 was an 11-year-old male with an L2 hemivertebra and lumbar kyphosis who underwent excision of the L2 hemivertebra and T12-L4 spinal fusion. Patient 3 was a 6-year-old female with Down syndrome who presented with atlantoaxial instability and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. She underwent occipital-cervical spinal fusion and decompression. Prior to surgery, 3-D printed models of the patients’ spines were created based on computed tomography (CT) imaging.Conclusion: The anatomic complexity and risk of devastating neurologic consequences in spine surgery call for careful preparations. 3-D models enable more efficient and precise surgical planning compared to the use of 2-dimensional CT/magnetic resonance images. The 3-D models also make it easier to visualize patient anatomy, allowing patients and their families who lack medical training to interpret and understand cross-sectional anatomy, which in our experience, enhanced the consultations.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>