Speech production | Better communication clarity and/or improved communication experiences | Bosher and Smalkoski, 200239Satter et al, 200555San Miguel et al, 200645Parkhurst, 200744Seibold et al, 200746Shah, 201037Boughton et al, 201040Cross and Smalldridge, 20117Woodward-Kron et al, 201147Carr and DeKemel-Ichikawa, 201221Baker and Robson, 201249Belay, 201333Harvey et al, 201342Freysteinson et al, 201734 |
| Increased intelligibility | Parkhurst, 200744Shah, 201037Woodward-Kron et al, 201147Carr and DeKemel-Ichikawa, 201221Baker and Robson, 201249Khurana and Huang, 201336Van Schaik et al, 201454 |
| Fewer phonological errors | Shah, 201037Carr and DeKemel-Ichikawa, 201221Shen et al, 201238Baker and Robson, 201249Khurana and Huang, 201336Van Schaik et al, 201454 |
Communication competence | Better listening comprehension ability | Guhde, 200335Parkhurst, 200744Shah, 201037Baker and Robson, 201249Harvey et al, 201342 |
| Improved knowledge of colloquial language | Chur-Hansen and Barrett, 199651Shah, 201037Boughton et al, 201040Van Schaik et al, 201454 |
| Improved knowledge of phonological rules | Shah, 201037Blackburn, 201250Van Schaik et al, 201454 |
Academic/clinical performance
| Improved academic/clinical exam pass rate | Symes et al, 200222Bosher and Smalkoski, 200239San Miguel et al, 200645Parkhurst, 200744Kokkinn and Stupans, 201143Woodward-Kron et al, 201147Harvey et al, 201342 |
| Higher student retention rate | Symes et al, 200222 |
| Less clinical incidents | Yahes and Dunn, 199648 |
| Better health survey response rate | Satter et al, 200555 |
Perceptual changes | Increased confidence and/or self-esteem in communication | Symes et al, 200222San Miguel et al, 200645Boughton et al, 201040Koch et al, 201153Belay, 201333Khurana and Huang, 201336 |
| | Harvey et al, 201342Freysteinson et al, 201734 |
| Improved collegiality | Yahes and Dunn, 199648Guhde, 200335Boughton et al, 201040Carr and DeKemel-Ichikawa, 201221Harvey et al, 201342 |
| Improved attitude towards people with accent/dialect | Satter et al, 200555Blackburn, 201250 |
| Increased job satisfaction | Yahes and Dunn, 199648 |