Trait | Student Group | n | Mean ± SD | 95% CI for Mean | P Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Novelty seekinga | Domestic | 230 | 2.70 ± 0.43 | 2.64-2.75 | |
UQ-Ochsner | 75 | 2.82 ± 0.42 | 2.72-2.91 | ||
International | 70 | 2.70 ± 0.40 | 2.60-2.79 | ||
Total | 375 | 2.72 ± 0.42 | 2.68-2.76 | ||
Harm avoidancea | Domestic | 230 | 2.79 ± 0.71 | 2.70-2.88 | |
UQ-Ochsner | 75 | 2.56 ± 0.66 | 2.41-2.71 | 0.039 | |
International | 70 | 2.74 ± 0.65 | 2.59-2.90 | ||
Total | 375 | 2.74 ± 0.69 | 2.67-2.81 | ||
Reward dependencea | Domestic | 230 | 3.39 ± 0.53 | 3.33-3.46 | |
UQ-Ochsner | 75 | 3.45 ± 0.60 | 3.31-3.59 | ||
International | 70 | 3.39 ± 0.46 | 3.28-3.50 | ||
Total | 375 | 3.40 ± 0.53 | 3.35-3.46 | ||
Persistencea | Domestic | 230 | 3.79 ± 0.56 | 3.72-3.86 | |
UQ-Ochsner | 75 | 3.91 ± 0.47 | 3.80-4.02 | ||
International | 70 | 3.88 ± 0.51 | 3.76-4.01 | ||
Total | 375 | 3.83 ± 0.53 | 3.78-3.88 | ||
Self-directednessa | Domestic | 230 | 3.62 ± 0.59 | 3.55-3.70 | |
UQ-Ochsner | 75 | 3.85 ± 0.55 | 3.73-3.98 | 0.005 | |
International | 70 | 3.78 ± 0.54 | 3.65-3.90 | ||
Total | 375 | 3.70 ± 0.58 | 3.64-3.76 | ||
Cooperativenessa | Domestic | 230 | 4.03 ± 0.44 | 3.97-4.08 | |
UQ-Ochsner | 75 | 4.07 ± 0.42 | 3.98-4.17 | ||
International | 70 | 4.12 ± 0.43 | 4.02-4.22 | ||
Total | 375 | 4.05 ± 0.43 | 4.01-4.10 | ||
Self-transcendencea | Domestic | 230 | 2.59 ± 0.62 | 2.51-2.67 | |
UQ-Ochsner | 75 | 2.95 ± 0.65 | 2.80-3.10 | 0.001 | |
International | 70 | 2.85 ± 0.58 | 2.71-2.99 | ||
Total | 375 | 2.71 ± 0.64 | 2.65-2.78 | ||
Resilienceb | Domestic | 226 | 80.76 ± 10.39 | 79.40-82.12 | 0.004 |
UQ-Ochsner | 74 | 84.99 ± 8.60 | 82.99-86.98 | ||
International | 69 | 83.06 ± 9.68 | 80.74-85.39 | ||
Total | 369 | 82.04 ± 10.04 | 81.01-83.07 | ||
Callingc | Domestic | 226 | 7.16 ± 2.10 | 6.88-7.43 | |
UQ-Ochsner | 74 | 8.24 ± 1.71 | 7.85-8.64 | 0.001 | |
International | 69 | 8.52 ± 1.47 | 8.17-8.88 | ||
Total | 369 | 7.63 ± 2.01 | 7.43-7.84 |
Note: Only P values <0.05 are reported.
↵aTemperament and Character Inventory means are calculated based on a Likert scale of 1 to 5: 1.00-1.50=very low, 1.51-2.50=low, 2.51-3.50=average, 3.51-4.50=high, and 4.51-5.00=very high.
↵bResilience scores range from 14-98. Low scores are <65, moderate scores are 65-81, and high scores are >81.
↵cCalling scores range from 2-10. Higher scores equate to a higher levels of calling.
UQ, The University of Queensland.