Baseline Characteristics of Patients by Clinic
| Variable | Cardiology Fellow Clinic, n=127 | Internal Medicine Resident Clinic, n=435 | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 57 ± 14 | 59 ± 15 | 0.19 |
| Female | 61 (48.0) | 302 (69.4) | <0.001 |
| Black/African Americana | 30/123 (24.4) | 71/430 (16.5) | 0.045 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 30.6 ± 7.1 | 29.8 ± 6.7 | 0.25 |
| Tobacco use | 0.34 | ||
| Never smoker | 72 (56.7) | 252 (57.9) | |
| Former smoker | 45 (35.4) | 132 (30.3) | |
| Current smoker | 10 (7.9) | 51 (11.7) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diagnosed hypertension | 93 (73.2) | 256 (58.9) | 0.003 |
| Coronary artery disease | 33 (26.0) | 46 (10.6) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 1 (0.8) | 6 (1.4) | 0.6 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 7 (5.5) | 23 (5.3) | 0.92 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 36 (28.3) | 131 (30.1) | 0.7 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 6 (4.7) | 40 (9.2) | 0.11 |
| Congestive heart failure | 20 (15.7) | 16 (3.7) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 13 (10.2) | 16 (3.7) | 0.003 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 7 (5.5) | 15 (3.4) | 0.29 |
| Blood pressure | |||
| SBP, mmHg, mean ± SD | 132.5 ± 6.7 | 131.0 ± 7.3 | 0.042 |
| DBP, mmHg, mean ± SD | 78.9 ± 7.7 | 80.8 ± 5.9 | 0.004 |
| Isolated SBP elevationb | 47 (37.0) | 108 (24.8) | 0.007 |
| Isolated DBP elevationc | 32 (25.2) | 157 (36.1) | 0.022 |
| Lipid panel | |||
| LDL, mg/dL, mean ± SD | 101.0 ± 43.3 | 108.9 ± 42.0 | 0.078 |
| HDL, mg/dL, mean ± SD | 50.2 ± 16.2 | 51.5 ± 14.8 | 0.42 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL, mean ± SD | 175.9 ± 50.4 | 184.1 ± 48.1 | 0.11 |
| Antihypertensive use | 87 (68.5) | 247 (56.8) | 0.014 |
| Thiazide | 16 (12.6) | 70 (16.1) | 0.34 |
| Beta-blocker | 57 (44.9) | 68 (15.6) | <0.001 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 32 (25.2) | 91 (20.9) | 0.31 |
| ACEi/ARB/ARNi | 69 (54.3) | 174 (40.0) | 0.004 |
| Aspirin | 54 (42.5) | 139 (32.0) | 0.027 |
| Statin | 80 (63.0) | 216 (49.7) | 0.008 |
| Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) | |||
| Established ASCVD | 37 (29.1) | 64 (14.7) | <0.001 |
| ASCVD 10-year risk, %d | 0.26 | ||
| <10 | 30 (23.6) | 156 (35.9) | |
| ≥10 | 29 (22.8) | 109 (25.1) | |
| Unable to calculatee | 31 (24.4) | 106 (24.4) | 0.144 |
| ASCVD 10-year risk, %, median [IQR] | 9.8 (4.7, 16.1) | 8.6 (4.1, 16.4) | 0.57 |
↵aRace data could not be confirmed for 4 patients in the cardiology fellow clinic and 5 patients in the internal medicine resident clinic.
↵bIsolated SBP elevation, patients with SBP ≥130 mmHg and DBP <80 mmHg.
↵cIsolated DBP elevation, patients with SBP <130 mmHg and DBP ≥80 mmHg.
↵dASCVD 10-year risk was only calculated for people without established ASCVD.
↵eUnable to calculate ASCVD because of age <40 years, age >79 years, inadequate data including lipid panel and race information, and total cholesterol <130 mg/dL or >320 mg/dL.
Note: Data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise noted.
ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNi, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure.