Table 1.

Demographic Characteristics of Patients Presenting to the Urgent Care Clinic and Freestanding Emergency Department

Urgent Care Clinic
VariableBeforeaAfteraP ValueFreestanding Emergency Department
Number of visits63,48372,61026,458
Age, years, median (IQR)b36.1 (26.5-50.5)35.1 (25.9-49.8)<0.00141.05 (29.3-56.2)
Race/ethnicityc
 White/Caucasian5,126 (8.1)4,502 (6.2)<0.0011,951 (7.4)
 Black/African American56,479 (89.0)66,446 (91.5)23,781 (89.9)
 Hispanic648 (1.0)530 (0.7)285 (1.1)
 Asian202 (0.3)163 (0.2)60 (0.2)
 Other1,028 (1.6)969 (1.3)381 (1.4)
Sexc,d
 Female38,916 (61.3)48,242 (66.4)<0.00115,355 (58.0)
 Male24,563 (38.7)24,363 (33.6)11,103 (42.0)
Insurance statusc
 Private9,186 (14.5)9,414 (13)<0.0013,497 (13.2)
 Medicaid25,533 (40.2)41,559 (57.2)13,771 (52.0)
 Medicare5,204 (8.2)8,920 (12.3)5,245 (19.8)
 Self-pay23,560 (37.1)12,717 (17.5)3,945 (14.9)
Emergency department to hospital admission3,387 (12.8)
  • aBefore, 26 months before the opening of the freestanding emergency department (October 1, 2015, to November 15, 2017); After, 28 months after the opening of the freestanding emergency department (November 16, 2017, to March 1, 2020).

  • bMann-Whitney U test comparing the independent distribution of nonparametrically distributed data.

  • cChi-square test of independence.

  • dTotal n for the Before column is 63,479. Total n for the After column is 72,605.

  • Notes: Data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise indicated. P<0.05 indicates statistical significance.

  • IQR, interquartile range.