Table 3.

Outcomes Stratified by Surgical Approach

Outcome	Transperitoneal Approach, n=23	Retroperitoneal Approach, n=16	P Value	Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Perioperative findings
Hospital length of stay, days, median [IQR]	13 [7.5-15]	5 [3.5-11.5]	0.088^a	NA
Surgical time, minutes, median [IQR]	215 [183.0-240.0]	152.5 [3.5-11.5]	0.063^a	NA
Total reported bleeding, mL, median [IQR]	1,200 (500-1,850)	525 (250-700)	0.02^a	NA
Need for transfusion	19 (82.6)	12 (75.0)	0.563^b	0.632 (0.132-3.015)
Complications (Clavien-Dindo classification¹⁰)
Grade III: Required surgical, endoscopic, or radiologic intervention	14 (60.9)	6 (37.5)	0.151^b	0.386 (0.104-1.435)
Grade IV: Required intensive care unit admission	4 (17.4)	3 (18.8)	0.913^c	1.096 (0.209-5.735)
Grade V: Mortality	1 (4.3)	2 (12.5)	0.557^c	3.143 (0.260-37.991)

↵^aMann-Whitney U test.
↵^bChi-square test.
↵^cFisher exact test.
Notes: Data are presented as n (%), unless otherwise indicated. Ten patients had 2 or more major complications.
IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable.