Table 5.

Prognostic Factors Associated With the Presence of Bacterial Growth in Urine

			Univariate Analysis		Multivariate Analysis
Variable	Negative Culture, n=20	Positive Culture, n=19	P Value	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P Value	Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus	7 (35.0)	8 (42.1)	0.648^a	1.351 (0.370-4.925)
Hypertension	6 (30.0)	8 (42.1)	0.431^a	1.697 (0.453-6.356)
Chronic kidney disease	1 (5.0)	8 (42.1)	0.008^b	13.818 (1.520-125.648)	0.057	10.273 (0.931-113.373)
Recurrent urinary tract infections	6 (30.0)	9 (47.4)	0.265^a	2.1 (0.565-7.811)
Laboratory findings
Anemia (hemoglobin <12 g/dL)	13 (65.0)	16 (84.2)	0.17^a	2.872 (0.617-13.366)
Leukocytosis (WBC >12,000/μL)	8 (40.0)	11 (57.9)	0.264^a	2.063 (0.575-7.393)
Thrombocytopenia (platelets <150,000/L)	1 (5.0)	3 (15.8)	0.267^b	3.563 (0.337-37.687)
Elevated creatinine (creatinine >1.2 mg/dL)	3 (15.0)	8 (42.1)	0.08^b	4.121 (0.894-19.001)
Hyperglycemia (glucose >200 mg/dL)	10 (50.0)	10 (52.6)	0.869^a	1.111 (0.316-3.904)
Perioperative findings
Hospital length of stay, days, median [IQR]	5 [3.0-11.5]	13 [8.0-15.0]	0.019^c	NA	0.208	NA
Surgical time, minutes, median [IQR]	172.5 [131.5-229.0]	210 [180.5-230.0]	0.141^c	NA
Total reported bleeding, mL, median [IQR]	700 [275-1,400]	800 [400-1,450]	0.411^c	NA
Need for transfusion	15 (75.0)	16 (84.2)	0.476^a	1.778 (0.361-8.764)
Complications (Clavien-Dindo classification¹⁰)
Grade III: Required surgical, endoscopic, or radiologic intervention	6 (30.0)	14 (73.7)	0.006^a	6.181 (1.561-27.71)	0.02	2.1 (1.232-3.143)
Grade IV: Required intensive care unit admission	1 (5.0)	6 (31.6)	0.031^b	8.769 (1.942-81.671)	0.459	2.668 (0.199-35.820)
Grade V: Mortality	0 (0)	3 (15.8)	0.106^b	0.444 (0.308-0.640)

↵^aChi-square test.
↵^bFisher exact test.
↵^cMann-Whitney U test.
Notes: Data are presented as n (%), unless otherwise indicated. Ten patients had 2 or more major complications.
IQR, interquartile range; WBC, white blood cells.