Characteristics of the Study Population, n=39
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Demographics | |
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 44.33 ± 12.6 |
| Female | 27 (69.2) |
| Right kidney laterality | 15 (38.4) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 26.43 ± 4.41 |
| Clinical presentation | |
| Symptomatic urinary tract infection | 18 (46.1) |
| Urosepsis | 3 (7.7) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 15 (38.5) |
| Recurrent urinary tract infections | 15 (38.5) |
| Hypertension | 14 (35.9) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 9 (23.1) |
| Radiologic characteristics | |
| Kidney abscess | 19 (48.7) |
| Pyonephrosis | 7 (17.9) |
| Staghorn calculi | 17 (43.6) |
| Multiple stones | 10 (25.6) |
| Stone in uretero-pelvic junction | 22 (56.4) |
| Laboratory findings | |
| Anemia (hemoglobin <12 g/dL) | 29 (74.3) |
| Leukocytosis (WBC >12,000/μL) | 19 (48.7) |
| Thrombocytopenia (platelets <150,000/L) | 4 (10.2) |
| Elevated creatinine (creatinine >1.2 mg/dL) | 11 (28.2) |
| Hyperglycemia (glucose >200 mg/dL) | 20 (51.3) |
| Glomerular filtration rate, mL/min, median [IQR] | 88 [53.7-109.5] |
| Malek and Elder7 classification | |
| Stage I, Limited to renal parenchyma | 12 (30.8) |
| Stage II, Extension to perirenal space | 11 (28.2) |
| Stage III, Extension to pararenal space | 16 (41.0) |
| Microbiology findings | |
| Positive urine culture | 19 (48.7) |
| Positive kidney culture | 23 (59.0) |
| ESBL-producing agent in urine | 5 (12.8) |
| ESBL producing agent in kidney | 6 (15.4) |
| Nephrectomy approach | |
| Transperitoneal | 23 (59.0) |
| Retroperitoneal | 16 (41.0) |
| Perioperative findings | |
| Hospital length of stay, days, median [IQR] | 9 [1.0-14.5] |
| Surgical time, minutes, median [IQR] | 197 [147.5-230.0] |
| Total reported bleeding, mL, median [IQR] | 700 [325-1,400] |
| Need for transfusion | 31 (79.5) |
| Complications (Clavien-Dindo classification10)a | |
| Grade I | 4 (10.2) |
| Grade II | 12 (30.8) |
| Grade IIIa | 1 (2.6) |
| Grade IIIb | 11 (28.2) |
| Grade IVa | 5 (12.8) |
| Grade IVb | 0 (0.0) |
| Grade V | 3 (7.7) |
| Clinical outcome | |
| Intensive care unit admission | 7 (17.9) |
| Mortality | 3 (7.7) |
↵aTwenty patients had Clavien-Dindo ≥grade III complications. Of the 7 patients who required intensive care unit admission, 5 patients are classified here as Clavien-Dindo grade IV, and 2 patients are classified as Clavien-Dindo grade V because they died.
Note: Data are presented as n (%), unless otherwise indicated.
ESBL, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase; IQR, interquartile range; WBC, white blood cells.