Reports of Nontraumatic Racket Sports–Related Stress Fractures of the Trapezoid and Second Metacarpal Bones
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Age, years/Sex | Signs and Symptoms | Dominant Hand | Stress Fracture Location | Type of Sport | Hours Per Day | Increase in Training Intensity | Grip |
| Murakami, 198816 | 16/M | Dorsal wrist pain specifically during serving and forehand stroke Point tenderness on base of 2nd metacarpal No swelling Nonpainful full active ROM of the wrist and fingers | Yes | Base of 2nd metacarpal | Tennis | 2-3 | No | NA |
| Waninger and Lombardo, 199517 | 14/F | Hand pain with simple racket gripping Point tenderness over 2nd metacarpal No swelling Nonpainful resisted ROM of the wrist and fingers | Yes | Base of 2nd metacarpal | Tennis | NA | Yes | Western |
| Bespalchuk et al, 200418 | 15/F | Hand pain with simple racket gripping and during stroking and serving Point tenderness over 2nd metacarpal Swelling of radial-dorsal aspect of the hand Nonpainful full active ROM of the wrist and fingers | Yes | Base and shaft of 2nd metacarpal | Tennis | 3-5 | Yes | Western |
| Muramatsu and Kuriyama, 200514 | 13/F | Pain at dorsal aspect of 2nd metacarpal especially during stroking Point tenderness, swelling, and hard mass over 2nd metacarpal | Yes | Base of 2nd metacarpal | Soft tennis | 3 | Yes | Western |
| Fukuda et al, 200819 | 14/F | Dorsal wrist pain especially with extension of index finger Point tenderness over base of 2nd metacarpal Nonpainful full active ROM of the wrist and finger except index finger extension | Yes | Base of 2nd metacarpal | Badminton | 3-8 | No | Western |
| Balius et al, 201020 | 17/F | Mechanical pain at dorsum of hand and inability to wield a racket Induration at 2nd and 3rd metacarpal base (all patients) ROM: NA | Yes (all patients) | Shaft of 2nd metacarpal | Tennis (all patients) | NA | Yes | Western |
| 17/F | 2nd metacarpal | Semi-western | ||||||
| 15/F | Shaft of 2nd metacarpal | Semi-western | ||||||
| 17/M | 2nd, 3rd, 4th metacarpal | Eastern | ||||||
| 15/F | Shaft of 2nd metacarpal | Semi-western | ||||||
| 17/F | 2nd metacarpal | Western | ||||||
| Blomquist et al, 20134 | 21/F | Progressive wrist pain Point tenderness over the dorsal trapezoid with minimal tenderness over the scapholunate interval Full active ROM of the wrist mildly painful at extremes | Yes | Trapezoid | Tennis | NA | NA | NA |
| Duarte et al, 201713 | 27/M | Hand pain especially when serving and forehand stroke Tenderness of the hand on palpation (exact location NA) ROM: NA | Yes | Shaft of 2nd metacarpal | Tennis | 1 | Yes | Eastern |
| Nishikawa et al, 202022 | 13/F | Dorsal hand pain Point tenderness on dorsal aspect of the hand No swelling, ecchymosis, mass, or deformities Nonpainful full active ROM of the wrist and fingers | Yes | Shaft of 2nd metacarpal | Badminton | NA | NA | NA |
| 14/F | Base of 2nd metacarpal | Soft tennis | ||||||
| 14/M | Base of 2nd metacarpal | Badminton | ||||||
| 15/M | Base of 2nd metacarpal | Tennis | ||||||
| 16/M | Shaft of 2nd metacarpal | Tennis | ||||||
| 16/F | Base of 2nd metacarpal | Tennis | ||||||
| 18/F | Shaft of 2nd metacarpal | Tennis | ||||||
| 22/F | Shaft of 2nd metacarpal | Tennis | ||||||
F, female; M, male; NA, not available; ROM, range of motion.