Comparison of Clinician and Patient Selections of the Symptoms Associated With Migraine
| Patient Responses by Geographic Location | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptom | Clinicians, n=31 | All Patients, n=381 | All Patients vs Clinicians Difference (95% CI)a | Washington, DC, n=100 | New Orleans, LA, n=101 | Seattle, WA, n=58 | New York, NY, n=81 | St. Louis, MO, n=41 |
| Headache-related symptoms | ||||||||
| Total | 30 (96.8) | 359 (94.2) | 2.6 (–4.1, 9.2) | 93 (93.0) | 98 (97.0) | 53 (91.4) | 76 (93.8) | 39 (95.1) |
| Headache | 30 (96.8) | 333 (87.4) | 9.4 (2.3, 16.4) | 87 (87.0) | 89 (88.1) | 52 (89.7) | 69 (85.2) | 36 (87.8) |
| Throbbing pain | 20 (64.5) | 237 (62.2) | 2.3 (–15.2, 19.8) | 54 (54.0) | 71 (70.3) | 38 (65.5) | 45 (55.6) | 29 (70.7) |
| Pulsing sensation | 15 (48.4) | 140 (36.8) | 11.6 (–6.6, 29.9) | 39 (39.0) | 39 (38.6) | 18 (31.0) | 28 (34.6) | 16 (39.0) |
| Eye-related symptoms | ||||||||
| Total | 31 (100) | 341 (89.5) | 10.5 (7.4, 13.6) | 85 (85.0) | 94 (93.1) | 49 (84.5) | 73 (90.1) | 40 (97.6) |
| Eye pain | 14 (45.2) | 191 (50.1) | –5.0 (–23.2, 13.3) | 58 (58.0) | 49 (48.5) | 28 (48.3) | 41 (50.6) | 15 (36.6) |
| Sensitivity to light | 30 (96.8) | 295 (77.4) | 19.4 (11.8, 26.9) | 73 (73.0) | 80 (79.2) | 45 (77.6) | 59 (72.8) | 38 (92.7) |
| Pain behind eyes | 23 (74.2) | 241 (63.3) | 10.9 (–5.2, 27.1) | 67 (67.0) | 65 (64.4) | 32 (55.2) | 51 (63.0) | 26 (63.4) |
| Flashes of light | 22 (71.0) | 130 (34.1) | 36.9 (20.2, 53.5) | 29 (29.0) | 35 (34.7) | 21 (36.2) | 25 (30.9) | 20 (48.8) |
| Aura | 26 (83.9) | 77 (20.2) | 63.7 (50.1, 77.2) | 16 (16.0) | 25 (24.8) | 14 (24.1) | 11 (13.6) | 11 (26.8) |
| Systemic symptoms | ||||||||
| Total | 27 (87.1) | 307 (80.6) | 6.5 (–5.9, 19.0) | 76 (76.0) | 90 (89.1) | 47 (81.0) | 59 (72.8) | 35 (85.4) |
| Difficulty concentrating | 13 (41.9) | 226 (59.3) | –17.4 (–35.4, 0.7) | 59 (59.0) | 66 (65.4) | 33 (56.9) | 43 (53.1) | 25 (61.0) |
| Fatigue | 5 (16.1) | 104 (27.3) | –11.2 (–24.9, 2.5) | 30 (30.0) | 33 (32.7) | 14 (24.1) | 18 (22.2) | 9 (22.0) |
| Dizziness | 14 (45.2) | 129 (33.9) | 11.3 (–6.9, 29.5) | 35 (35.0) | 38 (37.6) | 13 (22.4) | 31 (38.3) | 12 (29.3) |
| Imbalance | 13 (41.9) | 104 (27.3) | 14.6 (–3.3, 32.6) | 27 (27.0) | 33 (32.7) | 13 (22.4) | 24 (29.6) | 7 (17.1) |
| Nausea | 24 (77.4) | 165 (43.3) | 34.1 (18.6, 49.7) | 47 (47.0) | 48 (47.5) | 27 (46.6) | 25 (30.9) | 18 (43.9) |
| Vomiting | 20 (64.5) | 120 (31.5) | 33.0 (15.4, 50.5) | 24 (24.0) | 36 (35.6) | 21 (36.2) | 24 (29.6) | 15 (36.6) |
| Sinonasal symptoms | ||||||||
| Total | 6 (19.4) | 53 (13.9) | 5.4 (–8.9, 19.8) | 14 (14.0) | 9 (8.9) | 6 (10.3) | 19 (23.5) | 5 (12.2) |
| Thick mucus | 1 (3.2) | 18 (4.7) | –1.5 (–8.1, 5.1) | 4 (4.0) | 5 (5.0) | 3 (5.2) | 6 (7.4) | 0 |
| Loss of smell | 3 (9.7) | 13 (3.4) | 6.3 (–4.3, 16.8) | 3 (3.0) | 2 (2.0) | 1 (1.7) | 4 (4.9) | 3 (7.3) |
| Blocked or stuffy nose | 4 (12.9) | 37 (9.7) | 3.2 (–9.0, 12.8) | 11 (11.0) | 7 (6.9) | 3 (5.2) | 12 (14.8) | 4 (9.8) |
| Congestion | 3 (9.7) | 29 (7.6) | 2.1 (–8.7, 12.8) | 8 (8.0) | 5 (5.0) | 4 (6.9) | 11 (13.6) | 1 (2.4) |
| Facial symptoms | ||||||||
| Total | 21 (67.7) | 324 (85.0) | –17.3 (–34.1, –0.5) | 79 (79.0) | 91 (90.1) | 44 (75.9) | 73 (90.1) | 37 (90.2) |
| Pain in the cheeks | 6 (19.4) | 40 (10.5) | 8.9 (–5.4, 23.1) | 8 (8.0) | 11 (10.9) | 3 (5.2) | 11 (13.6) | 7 (17.1) |
| Pain in the temples | 13 (41.9) | 208 (54.6) | –12.7 (–30.7, 5.4) | 47 (47.0) | 65 (64.4) | 26 (44.8) | 47 (58.0) | 23 (56.1) |
| Pain in the forehead | 20 (64.5) | 234 (61.4) | 3.1 (–14.4, 20.6) | 59 (59.0) | 63 (62.4) | 32 (55.2) | 51 (63.0) | 29 (70.7) |
| Swelling of the face | 3 (9.7) | 26 (6.8) | 2.9 (–7.9, 13.6) | 7 (7.0) | 9 (8.9) | 1 (1.7) | 8 (9.9) | 1 (2.4) |
| Tightness in the head | 10 (32.3) | 172 (45.1) | –12.9 (–30.1, 4.3) | 45 (45.0) | 49 (48.5) | 22 (37.9) | 35 (43.2) | 21 (51.2) |
| Pressure in the face | 8 (25.8) | 120 (31.5) | –5.7 (–21.8, 10.4) | 31 (31.0) | 32 (31.7) | 18 (31.0) | 25 (30.9) | 14 (34.2) |
| Pressure in the forehead | 10 (32.3) | 190 (49.9) | –17.6 (–34.8, –0.4) | 49 (49.0) | 52 (51.5) | 22 (37.9) | 49 (60.5) | 18 (43.9) |
| Ear-related symptoms | ||||||||
| Total | 26 (83.9) | 254 (66.7) | 17.2 (3.4, 31.0) | 66 (66.0) | 70 (69.3) | 35 (60.3) | 53 (65.4) | 30 (73.2) |
| Sensitivity to sound | 26 (83.9) | 237 (62.2) | 21.7 (7.8, 35.5) | 60 (60.0) | 65 (64.4) | 33 (56.9) | 50 (61.7) | 29 (70.7) |
| Blocked ears | 3 (9.7) | 33 (8.7) | 1.0 (–9.8, 11.8) | 9 (9.0) | 11 (10.9) | 4 (6.9) | 8 (9.9) | 1 (2.4) |
| Ear pain | 4 (12.9) | 38 (10.0) | 2.9 (–9.3, 15.1) | 13 (13.0) | 8 (7.9) | 4 (6.9) | 11 (13.6) | 2 (4.9) |
↵aValues are presented as difference followed by the 95% confidence interval (CI). Positive percent differences indicate that clinicians are more likely to select a symptom to describe migraine, while negative percent differences indicate that patients are more likely to select a symptom to describe migraine. Confidence intervals that do not contain 0 are statistically significant (P<0.05).
Note: Data are presented as n (%) except for the All Patients vs Clinician Difference column.