Glucose homeostasis depends on insulin responsiveness in target tissues, most importantly,
muscle and liver. The critical initial steps in insulin action include phosphorylation of …

Insulin resistance is a major factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and may involve
fat-induced activation of a serine kinase cascade involving IKK-β. To test this hypothesis, we …

The regulation of bone remodeling by an adipocyte-derived hormone implies that bone may
exert a feedback control of energy homeostasis. To test this hypothesis we looked for genes …

Recent studies have demonstrated that fatty acids induce insulin resistance in skeletal
muscle by blocking insulin activation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)-associated …

The earliest defect in developing type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance 1 , 2 , characterized by
decreased glucose transport and metabolism in muscle and adipocytes 3 , 4 . The glucose …

Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) is a major protein-tyrosine phosphatase that has
been implicated in the regulation of insulin action, as well as in other signal transduction …

OBJECTIVE—Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has emerged as an important metabolic
regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. The aims of the current study are to evaluate the …

Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver may play a primary role in the development of
type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the mechanism by which insulin resistance occurs may be …

In lipoatrophic diabetes, a lack of fat is associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.
This is in striking contrast to the usual association of diabetes with obesity. To understand …

The circulating level of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 is elevated in various
insulin-resistant states including type 2 diabetes, obesity, cancer, and HIV-associated …